A Study on Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna in Modern Communication Systems

Antenna is an inevitable part of the wireless communication system. It is responsible for the conversion of electric signals to EM waves and vice versa. Various techniques are emerging to enhance the antenna performance there by using many applications. One of the emerging technology is Reconfiguration of antennas. By reconfiguring antenna parameters, antenna performance can be enhanced. Reconfiguration is achieved by either by integrated active switches such as varactor diodes or PIN diodes or using RF MEMS or tunable materials or combination of lumped elements. With the help of these devices, the current flow can be altered through the patch. Types of Reconfiguration includes frequency, polarization, radiation pattern and hybrid reconfiguration. In this paper, various frequency reconfigurable designs are being reviewed in different communication systems.