Technical Perspectives of Contact-Tracing Applications on Wearables for COVID-19 Control

The wearables' market is rapidly evolving, with applications ranging from healthcare and activity monitoring to emerging domains such as drones and haptic helmets. Wearable-based contact tracing is gaining increased attention in the COVID-19 era for more efficient disease prevention. Therefore, it is of timely relevance to identify the leading existing wireless contact-tracing solutions and their suitability for wearables. Existing trade-offs of contact-tracing applications require a thorough analysis of technical capabilities, such as accuracy, energy consumption, availability, sources of errors when dealing with wireless channels, privacy challenges, and deterrents towards a large-scale adoption on the wearables market. Based on extensive literature research, we conclude that decentralized architectures generally offer a better place in a trade-off in terms of accuracy and user eagerness to adopt them, taking into account privacy considerations, compared to centralized approaches. Our paper provides a brief technical overview of the existing solutions deployed for contact tracing, defines main principles that affect the overall efficacy of digital contact tracing, and presents a discussion on the potential effect of wearables in tackling the spread of a highly contagious virus.