Coyote Optimization Based on a Fuzzy Logic Algorithm for Energy-Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks

Internet of Things (IoT) is an important technique in the modern wireless telecommunications field. It is based on a collection of sensor nodes connected through wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The lifetime of this network is affected by the battery power of the connected sensor nodes. Network clustering techniques are used to improve energy consumption and extend the lifetime of the WSN. These techniques divide the sensor nodes into clusters and every cluster has a unique cluster head (CH) node. Recently, clustering-based metaheuristic techniques are used to solve this problem and find the optimal CH nodes under certain considerations such as less energy consumption and high reliability. This paper proposes a new clustering scheme for heterogeneous WSN using Coyote Optimization based on a Fuzzy Logic (COFL) algorithm. It uses the coyote optimization algorithm (COA) in conjunction with fuzzy logic (FL) system to reinforce and balance the clustering process for increasing the wireless network lifetime and reducing energy consumption. FL based clustering is adapted to determine a tentative set of CHs. The output of the FL is added as a solution within the initial solutions of the COA. Furthermore, a new fitness function has been adapted to minimize the total intra-cluster distance between each CH node and its cluster members and minimize the inter-cluster distance between the CHs nodes and the base station. An extensive simulation with three different scenarios is performed. The performance of the proposed COFL algorithm is compared with the well-known algorithms; namely low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy protocol (LEACH) and stable election protocol (SEP) as traditional protocols and also coyote optimization algorithm (COA), grey wolf optimization (GWO), and particle swarm optimization (PSO). The COFL algorithm outperforms other algorithms in terms of alive node analysis, energy consumption, throughput, and central tendency measurements for alive nodes and normalized energy.