Energy Efficient 5G Networks: Techniques and Challenges

To address the requirements of ever growing demands of data, speed and voice from users, wireless communication plays a great role in the picture. Communication systems are upgraded to 5G networks to meet the demands of data, capacity and QoS, With the help of high speed data rate and a high QoS of signals, State-of-the-art technologies are also taking charge to address the requirements of energy efficiency. Issues related to health and environment are escalating quickly as a collateral in the resolution of higher consumption of resources. In this paper, issues and challenges in designing low energy consuming communication techniques and establishing an efficient network, under the concept of green communication with respect to different parameters of 5G communication have been addressed. With a vision to develop a way to maintain demand and supply equation under green communication concept and a balance in ecological equilibrium, in different aspects the techniques and challenges have been discussed. Key discussions include on statistics of carbon dioxide, the implicit consumption of energy and techniques to mitigate the problems, like D2D Communication, Massive MIMO, HetNets and Green IOT, spectrum sharing, energy harvesting and challenges in achieving them have been discussed. This whole idea falls under the concept and umbrella word of Green Communication.