High Throughput Pipelined S-Boxes for Encryption and Watermarking Applications

In the Advanced Encryption Standard Algorithm, S-box is a fundamental step. In this paper, three new S-box architectures are introduced and implemented with pipelining. They are Combined, Inverse, and Forward S-boxes. Each S-box represents a lower delay and higher throughput. This goal is achieved by pipelining and optimizing each block inside the three proposed architectures. Our designs outpace others in terms of throughput and delay. The PSNR rate is better than other designs. The proposed S-boxes are implemented in encryption and watermarking applications. The behavior of pipelined S-boxes under few attacks is also observed.