Hybrid Energy Harvesting for Maximizing Lifespan and Sustainability of Wireless Sensor Networks: A Comprehensive Review & Proposed Systems

WSN requires huge energy to run the sensor nodes for continuous process of sensing, actuating, processing, and transmission. Energy can be given to the devices either from the direct energy source or from the battery. An indoor wireless network can be operated by the direct energy sources, while the outdoor or remote or moving wireless sensor network can be operated through the battery power source. The biggest challenge in a battery-operated system is frequent replacement of batteries due to limited life and huge consumption of energy. Therefore, Energy Harvesting will be a better option to charge the batteries to avoid frequent change or replacement. This solution provides a longer lifespan and sustainable wireless sensor network. This paper provides a comprehensive review or guidance to a researcher about the possible energy sources in the wireless sensor network applications and hybrid approach to produce energy from the multiple sources for maximizing lifespan and sustainability of WSNs.