Performance and Reliability Analysis of Prioritized Safety Messages Broadcasting in DSRC With Hidden Terminals

In this paper, we design a mathematical model for performance and reliability evaluation of the IEEE 802.11p Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) broadcast scheme in Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC) with the presence of hidden terminals. Specifically, we first introduce a more accurate semi-Markov process (SMP) model to portray the channel contention among multiple types of safety messages and their backoff behavior in DSRC based vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) with the influence of hidden terminals. Each type of safety message’s generation and service in an individual vehicular node is modeled leveraging a unique
$M/G$
/1/
$K$
queue. For the channel contention, the SMP model interrelates with the
$M/G$
/1/
$K$
queue via fixed-point iteration. Additionally, grounded on the solution of fixed-point iteration, we acquire the performance indices such as packet delay (PD), packet delivery rate (PDR), and packet reception rate (PRR). The new SMP model considers the IEEE 802.11p EDCA backoff counter process, unsaturated packet arrivals, limited MAC queue length, hidden terminals,
Nakagami-m
fading channel with distance-related path loss, and distinct transmission, carrier sensing and interference ranges. Eventually, we validate the correctness of the model through the comparison between the numerical and simulation results under different network parameters and prove that the proposed model has an advantage over the existing models in analyzing the impact of hidden terminals on PDR and PRR.