Fully-Automated Analysis of Scoliosis from Spinal X-Ray Images

Scoliosis is a congenital disease in which the spine is deformed from its normal shape. Radiography is the most cost-effective and accessible modality for imaging the spine. Conventional spinal assessment, diagnosis of scoliosis, and treatment planning relies on tedious and time-consuming manual analysis of spine radiographs that is susceptible to observer variation. A reliable, fully-automated method that can accurately identify vertebrae, a crucial step in image-guided scoliosis assessment, is presently unavailable in the literature. Leveraging a novel, deep-learning-based image segmentation model, we develop an end-to-end spine radiograph analysis pipeline that automatically provides an accurate segmentation and identification of the vertebrae, culminating in the reliable estimation of the Cobb angle, the most widely used measurement to quantify the magnitude of scoliosis. Our experimental results with anterior-posterior spine X-ray images indicate that our system is effective in the identification and labeling of vertebrae, and can potentially provide assistance to medical practitioners in the assessment of scoliosis.