A Mixed of Nonlinear Loads and their Effects on the Electrical Energy Billing

This paper investigates the electrical energy billing issues considering several nonlinear loads connected at the same time to the electrical system. Under nonsinusoidal conditions, the literature review shows that there is no consensus on what is the correct form of billing the consumers. The results show different effects, according to each billing framework and each mix of loads. In general, the power factor and displacement power factor improved. Therefore, the impacts on the electrical grids, from the power quality point of view, are reduced. Moreover, related to electrical energy billing, it is possible to conclude that the same consumer unit can pay or not for surplus reactive power, depend on the loads that are connected at the same time to the grid, as well as on the electrical characteristics of each load.