A Comparative Assessment of Battery Energy Storage Locations in Power Systems with High Wind Power Penetrations

Power systems operating at a high level of converter-based renewable generation impose significant challenges om power system frequency dynamics. Synchronous generator displacement reduces the overall system inertia and frequency response capability to disturbances. This research investigates the potential of energy storage to provide frequency service in lower inertia power systems. The impact of grid-scale battery energy storage locations on the system frequency nadir and the rate of change of frequency are examined during transients. The effect of storage location on the performance of the battery power is also evaluated using time-domain simulations based on DIgSILENT PowerFactory. The analytical and simulation results provide guidance on determining optimal placement of energy storage systems at high wind power generation.