Review of Substation Grounding System Behavior Under High Frequency and Transient Faults in Uniform Soil

Substations are important parts of electric power systems, and they require well-designed grounding systems. A proper grounding system guarantees the safety of the personnel working in an environment surrounded by grounded equipment from possible electric shock, protects the equipment against unnecessary breakdowns, and conserves the stability of the entire electrical system throughout its operation. Grounding systems developed under power frequency conditions generally react differently under high frequency and transient conditions, such as switching transients and lightning strikes. This work reviews the modeling methods for substation grounding systems and their performance when grounding design parameters change under high frequency and transient fault conditions.