Towards a Natural Perspective of Smart Homes for Practical Security and Safety Analyses

Designing practical security systems for the smart home is challenging without the knowledge of realistic home usage. This paper describes the design and implementation of Hεlion, a framework that generates natural home automation scenarios by identifying the regularities in user-driven home automation sequences, which are in turn generated from routines created by end-users. Our key hypothesis is that smart home event sequences created by users exhibit inherent semantic patterns, or naturalness that can be modeled and used to generate valid and useful scenarios. To evaluate our approach, we first empirically demonstrate that this naturalness hypothesis holds, with a corpus of 30,518 home automation events, constructed from 273 routines collected from 40 users. We then demonstrate that the scenarios generated by Hεlion seem valid to end-users, through two studies with 16 external evaluators. We further demonstrate the usefulness of Hεlion's scenarios by addressing the challenge of policy specification, and using Hεlion to generate 17 security/safety policies with minimal effort. We distill 16 key findings from our results that demonstrate the strengths of our approach, surprising aspects of home automation, as well as challenges and opportunities in this rapidly growing domain.