Thermal Management of Electronic Devices Using Gold and Carbon Nanofluids in a Lid-Driven Square Cavity Under the Effect of Variety of Magnetic Fields

Heat is an inevitable by-product of every electronic device and thermal management is very much essential for them to improve reliability and to prevent premature failure. Liquid coolants are one of the best switching options to achieve higher cooling rates. However, by adopting them in cooling systems such as microchannel heat sinks in which flow enters in to and out of the system may cause leakage of the coolant, which results in the complete firing of the electronic device. Hence, in the present study, this problem is avoided by adopting lid-driven square cavity as a cooling system. A 2-D numerical study has been carried out to obtain the convective heat transfer efficiency (CHTE) of gold and carbon nanofluid (NF) in a lid-driven square cavity over silicon solid block under the influence of a variety of magnetic fields. The geometrical domain consists of a square cavity containing NF that is driven by means of lid moving in one direction. This circulating NF will extract an enormous amount of heat from the solid block underneath the cavity resulting in conjugate heat transfer. A finite volume method-based conjugate homogeneous heat transfer model has been developed, validated, and used in the present study. The heat efficient Gold (Au) and single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) NF pairs obtained by Nimmagadda and Venkatasubbaiah are used in the present study. Moreover, efficiently varied magnetic fields identified by Nimmagadda et al. are also implemented and compared with the uniform magnetic field. Furthermore, the magnetic field is applied over the geometrical domain along the two axial directions separately and the effective CHTE is obtained. The significant impact of broad parameters, such as magnetic field type, location and strength, nanoparticle concentration and type, and Reynolds number on the CHTE, is systematically analyzed and presented.