A compact frequency reconfigurable DRA for GSM, LTE, and 5G applications services

A compact PIN diode frequency reconfigurable dielectric resonator antenna (DRA)for GSM, LTE and 5G applications is studied and presented. The proposed antenna provides operating frequencies between 1.80 GHz, 2.6 GHz, 3.6 GHz and the lower 5G bands (3.4–3.8 GHz and 3.4–3.7 GHz) which makes it suitable for mobile communication devices. The antenna structure consists of three rectangular Dielectric Resonators DR1, DR2, and DR3 with permittivities 12.85 for RD1 and RD3 and 1.96 for RD2, of different dimensions. Two PIN diode switches are adequately placed on the microstrip line between the two dielectric resonators to assure the reconfiguration function. The proposed antenna size is $20 \times 36 \times 4.8$ mm 3. Simulation results are presented and discussed. For the antenna structure validation and to highlight its performances, the results are compared with data published in the literature. The proposed antenna, offering suitable performance, provides three modes of operation with bandwidths of 19%, 11%, and 9%