Survey of Internet of Things (IoT) Infrastructures for Building Energy Systems

This paper discusses a revolutionary system of interrelated computing devices and technologies known as the Internet of Things (IoT), with the objective of improving energy efficiency for both residential and commercial buildings. A thorough review of a profusion of empirical surveys and studies was carried out to fully comprehend the use of IoT to improve energy efficiency in buildings. The present study also examines methods by which these technologies can be further enhanced to provide solutions that are more requisite. Most of the studies reviewed discuss the applicability of various aspects of IoT to a specific application, and were invariably concerned with the problem of efficient heating systems in buildings. Some aspects of the core elements of IoT, such as the hardware and software required for control are analyzed in all the studies reviewed. Although the kind of application in each study is different, similar patterns are discernible in their design factors. Some common design factors include: the choice of sensors and actuators and their powering methods; control strategies for gathering data and actuating devices; collection of historical data to predict future energy use; and interaction approaches between IoT elements. Results showed that certain variables are application-specific and must all be factored into the decisions. Finally, from the studies surveyed, some areas of future research were recommended.