A Compendious Review on Fractal Antenna Geometries in Wireless Communication

Conventional antenna design provokes the need for developing new geometries that renders the implementation of miniaturization, multi-band, broadband, high gain and low profile antennas. There is a tradeoff between design geometries, antenna resonance, and bandwidth utility. This tradeoff decides the profile of the antenna. In order to understand the exact geometry that fits to particular applications, factual information on the designing aspects is required. Inspired from nature, the fractal theory has been extended to the antenna theory design that balances both the miniaturization and antenna resonance with effective bandwidth utility. The recursive nature of the fractal antenna has an infinite perimeter within a finite area serves as a promising technique for wireless applications. This review presents the state-of-the-art Fractal antenna design with repeated pattern at different scales and modifications to the existing fractal antennas. This review will interest the readers in understanding the recent trends in fractal shapes and attributes of fractal antenna.