Green Computing in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks Pressure Centric Energy Modeling

Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) have witnessed significant attention from both industries and academia in research and development. This is due to the wide range of applications including scientific, commercial, military, and environmental. Considering the peculiar characteristics and harsh environments of UWSNs, reliable green communication among sensor nodes in the network is one of the major challenging tasks. In this context, this article proposes a localization-free shortest path reliable and energy-efficient pressure-based routing (SPRE-PBR) protocol for UWSNs. SPRE-PBR considers three parameters including residual energy, pressure, and link quality for selecting the next forwarding nodes. Moreover, SPRE-PBR is designed and developed to control path selection and reduce the unnecessary forwarding based on route cost calculation and optimal shortest path algorithm. The comprehensive performance evaluation attests the benefit of SPRE-PBR as compared with the state-of-the-art techniques considering underwater networking centric metrics.