Optimal Allocation of Electric Vehicle Parking Lots for Minimizing Distribution System Costs Considering Uncertainties

The spread of Electric Vehicles (EVs) increases the use of vehicles' batteries for grid support. To achieve the process of sustainable development, the integration of EVs in a scheduled procedure is essential. One of the critical solutions is the optimal allocation of Electric Vehicle Parking Lots (EVPLs). Therefore, this paper aims to allocate Parking Lots (PLs) in the distribution system, considering the uncertainty associated with the behavior of EVs' owners and the output power of PLs. PLs provide Vehicle- to-Grid (V2G) power in the distribution system as a new type of Distributed Generations (DGs). Minimizing the overall costs of the system, including power loss, system reliability, energy transported from the main grid, the net energy of charging/discharging the batteries of EVs and installation cost of PLs are considered as possible objectives. Finally, the proposed scheme in the methodology section is applied to the IEEE 33-bus distribution system by using the Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA) and taking the power systems' prevailing constraints as well as the restrictions pertaining to EVs into consideration. The simulation results show a dramatic improvement in the system operating conditions.