Method to trace the photovoltaic characteristic curve with reverse voltage for shading conditions

The I-V curve is an important parameter, because it contains the PV module characteristics. It shows what happens in the module due to external variations. This paper presents a method to trace the photovoltaic curves with reverse voltage under partial shading conditions. In addition, it mentions the effects of the bypass diode. Lastly, it makes comparisons between curves of shaded and unshaded modules and the shunt resistance effect.