28.4 A CMOS Multimodality In-Pixel Electrochemical and Impedance Cellular Sensing Array for Massively Paralleled Synthetic Exoelectrogen Characterization

Electrochemically active bacteria (exoelectrogens) are a class of microorganisms capable of transferring electrons between intracellular and exocellular environments, which generate or consume electrical currents via multiple biochemical redox reactions. This unique attribute allows exoelectrogens to interface between biological environments and electronics for a myriad of hybrid “abiotic-biotic” systems and applications, such as small molecule sensing, bio-computation and energy harvesting [1]. However, natural exoelectrogens typically exhibit insufficient electron-transfer capabilities. Therefore, synthetic biology tools are widely used to create new exoelectrogen species whose natural and engineered capabilities are genetically optimized for target applications.