1 MIRROR, MIRROR, ON THE WALL

The AI Hype and Fears: Mirror, Mirror, on the Wall, Who Is the Smartest of Us All? When the results are announced, Lee Sedol's eyes swell with tears. AlphaGo, an artificial intelligence (AI) developed by Google's DeepMind, just secured a 4-1 victory in the game Go. It is March 2016. Two decades earlier, chess grandmaster Garry Kasparov lost to the machine Deep Blue, and now a computer program had won against eighteen-time world champion Lee Sedol in a complex game that was seen as one that only humans could play, using their intuition and strategic thinking. The computer won not by following rules given to it by programmers but by means of machine learning based on millions of past Go matches and by playing against itself. In such a case, programmers prepare the data sets and create the algorithms, but cannot know which moves the program will come up with. The AI learns by itself. After a number of unusual and surprising moves, Lee had to resign (Borowiec 2016).