Electric Vehicles as Mobile Energy Storage Devices to Alleviate Network Congestion

Electric vehicles (EVs) usage is becoming ubiquitous nowadays. Widespread integration of electric vehicles into electric energy distribution systems (EEDSs) has a twofold impact: (1) It may impose a burden on EEDSs when EVs are charging, (2) EVs could discharge their battery capacity using V2G technology when required. To mitigate adverse effects of massive integration of EVs in EEDSs, EVs could be used as mobile energy storage devices (MESDs) to transfer electric energy throughout EEDSs using a proper charging/discharging scheme. In this paper, a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model is proposed to control charging and discharging of EVs to improve EEDS performance. EVs are modeled as MESDs and their impact on EEDS is investigated. The proposed model is applied to 33-bus EEDS and Sioux Falls Transportation Network (TN). The results show that using this model, EVs could transfer electric energy to mitigate congestion in EEDS lines and improve performance of EEDSs.