Applications of synchrophasor technologies in power systems

Synchrophasors are time-synchronized electrical measurements that represent both the magnitude and phase angle of the electrical sinusoids. Synchrophasors are measured by fast time-stamped devices called phasor measurement units (PMUs) to constitute the basis of realtime monitoring and control actions in the electric grid. Due to its enhanced situational awareness capabilities, many applications of PMUs are presented in the literature in the past decades. This paper presents a comprehensive summary of synchrophasor technology, its architecture, optimal placement techniques and its applications in electric power transmission and distribution systems. These applications include wide-area situational awareness and monitoring, state estimation, fault location and protective relaying, islanding detection etc. This review also covers some of the existing challenges in its implementation and its potential applications.