A Review on Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Development in the UK

This paper focuses on the development of electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure in the UK, which is a vital part of the delivering ultra-low-emission vehicle (ULEV) and will transition into low emission energy systems in the near future. Following a brief introduction to global landscape of EV and its infrastructure, this paper presents the EV development in the UK. It then unveils the government policy in recent years, charging equipment protocols or standards, and existing EV charging facilities. Circuit topologies of charging infrastructure are reviewed. Next, three important factors to be considered in a typical site, i. e., design, location and cost, are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the management and operation of charging infrastructure including different types of business models are summarized. Last but not least, challenges and future trends are discussed.