Phasor measurement units, WAMS, and their applications in protection and control of power systems

The paper provides a short history of the phasor measurement unit (PMU) concept. The origin of PMU is traced to the work on developing computer based distance relay using symmetrical component theory. PMUs evolved from a portion of this relay architecture. The need for synchronization using global positioning system (GPS) is discussed, and the wide area measurement system (WAMS) utilizing PMU signals is described. A number of applications of this technology are discussed, and an account of WAMS activities in many countries around the world are provided.