Investigation of High-Power Properties of PIN-PMN-PT Relaxor-Based Ferroelectric Single Crystals and PZT-4 Piezoelectric Ceramics

We developed a high-power piezoelectric characterization system that was used to study the high-field properties of (1-x-y)Pb(In
_1/2
Nb
_1/2
)O
_3-y
Pb(Mg
_1/3
Nb
_2/3
) O
_3-x
PbTiO
₃
(PIN-PMN-PT) relaxor ferroelectric single crystals and PZT-4 piezoelectric ceramics. The impedance spectrum of 31 modes was measured under constant voltage by the high-power piezoelectric system. From measuring the resonance and anti-resonance-frequencies,the high-field behaviors of the electromechanical coupling coefficients, elastic compliances, and piezoelectric coefficients of the PIN-PMN-PT crystals were determined and compared with commercial PZT ceramics. By fitting the equivalent circuit parameters under large electric fields, the mechanical quality factors of the PIN-PMN-PT single crystals and PZT-4 ceramics were calculated as well. The results showed that the mechanical quality factor of the PZT-4 is higher than that of PIN-PMN-PT, and the mechanical quality factors of the PZT-4 and PIN-PMN-PT both decrease sharply first and then decrease slowly with increasing the electric field. The tensile strengths of PIN-PMN-PT crystals and PZT-4 ceramics were also determined by the impedance method, where we found that the tensile strengths of PIN-PMN-PT crystal and PZT-4 ceramic were 19.6 and 76.4 MPa, respectively. The 31-mode vibrators of PIN-PMN-PT crystals and PZT-4 ceramics can be driven by the largest electric field of 33 and 65 V/mm under resonance frequency, respectively.