Review and Planning on Surface-based Observing System in Western China by the WMO Rolling Review of Requirements Process

To meet specific international observations needs in 22 different application areas, the world meteorological organization has established several recommended standards for environment measurement, which are currently about 200 physical variables in different observing platform. The requirements are stated quantitatively in terms of five criteria(horizontal and vertical resolution, frequency, timeliness, and uncertainty), and three levels are determined by experts in these criteria (the maximum requirement “goal”, the minimum requirement “threshold“, and the between “breakthrough“). Western China, as being the upper position of most synoptic system and having the most complex terrain in china, observation there is most important. Unfortunately, it has the minimum meteorological observing stations and platforms in China for the economically less developed. In this article, we did a review of the technology-free Members' requirements for observations, especially on six principle variables as temperature, humidity, pressure, wind direction, wind speed, and precipitation. Taking into account the uneven distribution of surface-based observing systems, the average horizontal resolution is calculated by area and national station numbers in each province in Western China, then values of threshold and breakthrough are analyzed separately. Results show that, there is a big gap in surface precipitation that cannot meet demands of application areas, besides, temperature and humidity observation in shanxi and xinjiang are short. In the future, more precipitation observation should be planned in Western China, as well as temperature and humidity in shanxi and xinjiang. In the end, the study points out that it is not the efficient and economical way to build more surface-based rain gauge or thermometer screen to meet the application command, other useful skills such as collaborative observation, data assimilation, remote sensing and space-based observing should be taken into account and be fully used ntal results show that the full link active calibration method plays a positive role in promoting the development of dual-polarization weather radar calibration.