Temperature Evaluation of Sonicated Sclerosing Foam through Induced Pyroelectric Effect by IR Radiation

Minimally-invasive techniques for treatment of varicose veins have been introduced during the last two decades, proving to be valid alternatives to surgical techniques. Among them, foam sclerotherapy has represented the most minimally-invasive procedure. Recently, neurological adverse events following foam sclerotherapy have given the push towards the development of new methods for the preparation of foams. In this paper, an indirect sonicated method has been investigated in order to produce stable sclerosing foam. Foams have been produced changing the surfactant concentration and the sonication time. Foam temperature has been experimentally observed using a dynamic device, i.e., a pyroelectric sensor, which is characterized by a faster response than conventional sensors. Promising results have been achieved, allowing to prolong the stability of sonicated sclerosing foams beyond one minute.