Channel Measurement and Modeling of the Small-Scale Fading Characteristics for Urban Inland River Environment

In this study, radio channel measurements were conducted in an urban inland river environment at 5.9GHz. The measurements consisted of both the line of sight (LOS) and non-line of sight (NLOS) cases. We estimate and model channel characteristics based on the measured data. For small-scale fading properties, best fit small-scale fading distribution is determined. Statistical models of the Ricean K-factors and Weibull shape parameters are provided. In addition, a distance-dependent Ricean K-factor model for the urban inland river environment is proposed. For the power delay profile (PDP), we perform cluster identification and obtain the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the inter-cluster interval. A statistical model of the intracluster decay time constant is also presented, and an exponential decay model is applied for modeling the inter-cluster decay of the PDP. For delay spread and Doppler spread, the root mean square (RMS) delay spreads in the LOS case are compared with those in the NLOS case. Moreover, we estimate and analyze RMS Doppler spreads in both the LOS and NLOS cases. Finally, a bimodal Gaussian mixture distribution (BGMD) is employed to characterize the RMS delay spreads and RMS Doppler spreads. The BGMDs exhibit good matching levels.