Design and Optimization of Electric Cars. A Review of Technological Advances

In recent years, the consumption of conventional energy sources has increased dramatically. As a result of the increase in fuel expenses and considering environmental problems, the most promising model to eliminate these drawbacks is to replace fossil fuel-based cars with electric cars. There are many incentive policies to support the usage of electric vehicles since this technology is environmentally friendly, having low emissions compared with internal combustion engine technology. This paper reviews the advances in electric cars technology and their design. For optimizing electric car parameters, the main subjects which are focused on are the selection and design criteria of the motor, the battery sizing and the energy management. The components of electric vehicle are examined to optimizing the design.