E-Voting and e-Recap Verification and Validation Schemes for Indonesia Utilizing Cryptographic Hash Function Message Authentication Codes (MAC) and Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)

Conventional elections have many shortcomings, some of them are the calculation of a real count that takes a long time, the big costs of printing ballot papers and distribution costs both from the center to the regions and vice versa, the possibility of ballot paper shortages during the election, the possibility of fraud occurs because one person votes more than once, et cetera. Seeing this, the use of e-voting technology in the general election process is believed to be able to make the election effective and efficient. This paper aims to propose an e-voting verification and validation scheme that can solve these problems that might occur in conventional elections and still fulfill the election principles of Indonesia, namely Direct, General, Free, Confidential, Honest, and Fair. The e-voting system is equipped with an e-recap system which has a function for ballot verification so that all of the people can see, examine, and control the results of this e-voting system. This e-voting and e-recap scheme utilizes the application of cryptographic hash function Message Authentication Codes (MAC) and Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) with the aim is in the recapitulation results, there is not listed who the voters are and the votes given so that they still fulfill the confidential principles in elections, but all votes can be collected and verified. The voters themselves can check the vote that has been given, so that there is no vote modification when entering the e-recap system. Thus, the election can be transparent, accountable, and can be examined by the public. It is expected that with this verification and validation scheme on e-voting and e-recap, conventional elections can be replaced with an e-voting system, but still fulfill the election principles of Indonesia, such as Direct, General, Free, Confidential, Honest, and Fair. In addition, the election can still be transparent, accountable, and can be examined by the public.