A General Overview of Vehicle-to-X (V2X) Beacon-Based Cooperative Vehicular Networks

Nowadays, much effort has been put on Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) and Vehicle-to-Anything (V2X) communications, given the immense impact these technologies will make in the near future. V2X communications have become mainstream, pushing the standardization of various protocols in order to facilitate their implementation and interoperability between vendors and hardware manufacturers. Furthermore, V2X related standards are under the 5G umbrella; hence, in this work we describe the IEEE 1609 and IEEE 802.11p standards, which define the Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC) and the Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) technologies. Emphasis is made on the Physical and Data Link Layers, along with the specifications of the previous mentioned standards.