3D Location Accuracy Estimation of Radio Emission Sources for Beamforming in Ultra-Dense Radio Networks

Accurate location estimation of Radio Emission Sources (RES) is very important for location-based applications in 5G radio networks. Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), millimeter Wave (mmWave) and Ultra Dense Networks (UDN) are among emerging technologies to increase not only communication performance, but also positioning accuracy and vice versa. In addition to leverage coverage and capacity new technologies give rise to beamforming techniques with successful implementation of simultaneous transmission and reception by means of preliminary location of neighboring stations. Contribution of the current research is 3D location accuracy limits estimation for positioning of radio emission sources using Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA), Angle of Arrival (AOA) and their combination TDOA/AOA. Resulting accuracy limits, such as Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) ellipsoid and Spherical Error Probable (SEP) contour were analyzed and visualized to confirm spatial splitting possibility of neighboring RES for short-range communications thus enabling location aware beamforming.