Calibration of Fundamental Diagram for Macroscopic Freeway Traffic Flow Model Using Whale Optimization Algorithm

Speed-density relationships also referred as fundamental diagram (FD), play a central role in traffic flow theory and transportation engineering. However, the main problem in developing the FDs reside in the way their parameters are selected. In this paper we use the whale optimization algorithm (WOA) to calibrate the unknown parameters of the FD, this algorithm is compared with Complex-Box algorithm that is well used in the literature. The obtained results confirm that the traffic model developed using WOA is more accurate and thus, the traffic classification rate obtained using the proposed system including the WOA was significantly increased.