Instrumentation Challenges for Impedance Spectroscopy for Precision Agriculture Applications

This paper provides an overview of the electronic instrumentation most commonly used for electrical and/or electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The system is broken down to its most significant functional blocks and the most common approaches are explained. The paper further discusses the ability of these circuits to be used for soil impedance measurements and subsequently as a new, powerful tool for precision agriculture. The instrumentation requirements, limitations and remaining challenges for this specific application are further discussed.