Design for Cost: The Key of Success for 5G and Beyond

5G is coming and it will change our lives. Now, 6G is under discussion too. The multiple-in–multiple-out (MIMO) technique is a critical technique for 5G and beyond. Additional element transceivers and antennas are usually required for supporting the beamforming configuration and MIMO communication. If one just simply puts many transceivers in parallel to drive the antennas, the system size will increase tremendously and the manufacturing cost will also increase significantly. How to reduce the overall system cost becomes one of the key factors of success for 5G and beyond.