Disposable Hand Drawn Electrode Paper based Urea Sensor by Impedance Spectroscopy

Disposable low-cost sensors are essential for the detection of urea for environmental and healthcare applications. In this paper, we proposed a hand-drawn electrode paper chip sensor by utilising the enzyme modified cellulose fibre as a sensing and substrate material. Further modified cellulose fibres increase the impedance measurement stability and facilitate for performing detection. By demonstrating detection of the low-level concentration of urea in the micromolar range, it shows that developed paper chip has excellent potential as a low-cost disposable sensor.