Security-constrained line loss minimization in distribution systems with high penetration of renewable energy using UPFC

Focused on the challenges raised by the large-scale integration of renewable energy resources and the urgent goal of energy saving, a novel control scheme for the unified power flow controller (UPFC) series converter is proposed to achieve line loss reduction and security enhancement in distribution systems with a high penetration of renewable energy. Firstly, the line loss minimum conditions of a general distribution system with loop configurations are deduced. Secondly, security constraints including the permissible voltage range, the line loading limits and the UPFC ratings are considered. System security enhancement with the least increase in line loss is tackled by solving a much reduced optimal power flow (OPF) problem. The computational task of the OPF problem is reduced by deducing the security-constrained line loss minimum conditions and removing the equality constraints. Thirdly, a hybrid control scheme is proposed. Line loss minimization is achieved through a dynamic controller, while an OPF calculator is integrated to generate corrective action for the dynamic controller when the security constraints are violated. The validity of the proposed control strategies is verified in a modified IEEE 33 bus test system.