Ancillary Services Analysis based on Multiple-Area of V2G Operation - Frequency Regulation Service

A concept of vehicle to grid (V2G) is that the electric vehicle is able to participate in power system control. According to this concept, the electricity ancillary services are consequently discussed that the electric vehicle can be participated in these services. Thinking about power system network structure, this paper points out that the operation of V2G cannot be treated as one group of operation, but it has to be a multiple-area of operation. Thus, each ancillary service is analyzed in the term of parking place, i.e. parking lot and parking at home, in order to figure out an operation art of V2G. To demonstrate the multiple-area operation, the frequency regulation service is selected, because the frequency is the power system state variable. The key concept of the multiple-area operation is a power sharing between areas, which is generally fulfilled by a droop factor. However, the traditional droop factor is not capable for the electric vehicle. Hence, this paper proposes a linear adaptive droop factor based on battery state of charge. In addition, a multiplier factor is also introduced to define a participation level of electric vehicle. The evaluation of proposed strategy is achieved by using the dynamic simulation in DIgSILENT PowerFactory program. Two case studies are provided to examine the frequency response and the power sharing between areas.