Sub-aggregator as a Key Enabler in Harnessing Demand Response Potential of Electric Vehicles

The necessary balance between power consumption and production is at risk due to the diminishing amount of controllable resources in the grid. Demand response has the ability to provide the needed ancillary services for the power system management and create a new stream of revenue for the flexible resource owner. The increasing amount of electric vehicles contain a huge balancing power potential due to their ability to store the electrical energy flexibly from the grid in times of long term parking. Sub-aggregator is an actor who possesses capabilities to monitor and control distributed energy resources. In the case of electric vehicles, Sub-aggregator plans and coordinates the smart charging of vehicles to create additional value for all participants. This paper presents a business model for aggregating distributed energy resources in a cost-efficient manner that is based on minimum investments needed.