Techniques for Reducing the Energy Consumption in Nodes of Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey

Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs) are used to sustain an inexpensive solution to many emerging operations such as target detection, environmental monitoring, healthcare, industrial monitoring, and disaster management, etc. by organizing the sensor nodes deployed in the sensor field. To amplify the lifespan of wireless sensor networks and to save energy the various approaches such as clustering, routing, etc have been proposed. The energy holes which are created in the network can be removed by various routing protocols and algorithms. These protocols help to maintain the connectivity of the network and to maintain the activities of the network for long-time. The protocols are designed in such a way that each sensor must be aware of the latest position of the mobile sinks in WSNs. This helps to maintain uniform energy consumption in the network. According to a survey, sensing the classified sensor nodes has many possibilities to improve the lifetime of the network compared to overall sensing in the sensor field.