Transformer Loss of Life Mitigation in the Presence of Energy Storage and PV Generation

Energy storage (ES) is becoming used more and more in power distribution system due to the decrease in the cost. ES can be stationary inside buildings or mobile as a part of plug-in electric vehicles (PEV). The use of ES have merits such as peak shaving, load shifting, and backup power supply in the case of loss of power from the grid. The mobile ES poses challenges to the system since the connection location and time may be random. In this paper, the impacts of the stationary and mobile ES on the distribution transformers loss of life are quantified employing a probabilistic approach. Monte Carlo simulation is utilized to model the stochastic behavior of PEVs. For residential demand, ambient temperature and photovoltaic (PV) generation real data from College Station, Texas is used. Using the historical data of one year in this area, the impacts of different ES penetration level in the presence of PEV and PV are studied. This paper provides a better understanding of the negative effects of PEVs on transformers aging and how ES can be employed to mitigate the loss-of-life risk.