Low Emission Infrastructure for Powered EVs

One of the challenges facing the increased usage of EVs is the possibility to add energy to them, be it in the form of gas (hydrogen) or electricity. The standard is set by classic petrol and diesel fueling system. Motor vehicles powered by hydrogen have currently quite a low market penetration. However, hydrogen refueling infrastructure is starting to build-up in order to make larger-scale hydrogen-powered motor vehicle deployment possible. The European Directive on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure requires states to create and submit national policy frameworks in order to develop the widespread use of alternative fuels and the required infrastructure, charging points for Electric Vehicles (EVs) and hydrogen refueling points. In present the fueling hydrogen stations for FCEV is separate of recharging points for EVs as BEV and PHEV. The paper deals the dual electricity - hydrogen charge station in interaction with smart grid and renewable energy sources all controlled by Energy Management System (EMS). The refueling stations have options for all-EVs: as BEV and PHEV or FCEVs. The EMS has the ability to control the loading and unloading of a hydrogen storage system and electricity production by fuel cell, managing the energy flow in order to maintain grid stability and could be solved if charging is used on times of low electricity demand and/or high supply. The principal elements of the charging station are the EMS and controller, photovoltaic setting with Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), energy storage unit in DC link, two DC/DC isolated for elecrolyzer and fuel cell, hydrogen storage and bidirectional inverter to grid connection. Because the refueling stations for FCEV and the recharging points for EVs are regulated by the international standards the novelty of this paper is use and connection of the elecrolyzer and the fuel cells of types Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) for configuration of the EMS and controller.