Grid stabilizing control systems for battery storage in inverter-domi-nated island and public electricity grids

Grid-stabilizing battery storage combined with renewable energy sources like from solar photovoltaics are a promising solution to solve the control-related challenges of the energy transition on the road towards a mostly renewable energy supply. The aim of this paper is to present successfully proven grid-supporting and grid-forming control system solutions using inverter-based battery storage for the stabilization and reliable operation of inverter-dominated island and public electricity grids. The dynamic performance of utility-scale battery storage plants with grid-supporting as well as grid-forming battery inverters is demonstrated for different transient grid disturbance scenarios, with focus on the frequency response under normal and emergency operation as well as on the fault-ride through capabilities. Finally, regulation challenges concerning grid-forming inverter control in public power grids are outlined.