On Propagation Losses due to In-Vivo Electromagnetic Nanoscale Communication

In-vivo nano-biosensing has been attracting a lot of interest within the academic research community recently since it plays a major role in the development of personalized nano-medicine technologies and solutions. The implementation of new nano-biosensing systems inside the human body faces the major challenge of modeling the in-vivo communication channel. Several efforts have been reported recently to investigate the main factors that define the characteristics of the in-vivo communication channel. This paper outlines and discusses the factors that contribute to the path loss encountered by an EM wave in-vivo. These include spreading loss of the propagating wave, the loss due to molecular absorption by biological tissue, and the scattering from the body particles.