Millimeter-Wave Localization of Multiple Targets Using TDOA and Wideband Frequency Modulation

In this paper, a distributed radar is presented that can perform both ranging and time difference of arrival (TDOA), resulting in two-dimensional location estimation without beam-scanning. The transmitter emits a linear frequency modulated (LFM) signal, ranging from 37 to 40 GHz. The receiver is composed of two antennas separated by 80 cm (102.7λ). By performing matched filtering with the transmitted LFM signal on each individual receive element, the range information of multiple targets can be obtained using the signal leakage from the transmit signal. By comparing the two waveforms, their angles are calculated from the TDOA between them. The theory behind the technique is explained and experimental measurements of two reflecting targets are shown.