Reproducibility of Embroidered Electromagnetically Coupled Wearable Patch Antennas

The reproducibility of electromagnetically coupled wearable patch antennas was experimentally investigated in terms of the measurements for electromagnetically fed embroidered patch antennas. The stability of resonant frequency, bandwidth, gain, and radiation pattern were all assessed in the 2-GHz band in a sample of embroidered patch antennas fabricated on felt with conductive yarn. Results revealed that the electromagnetically coupled patch antennas demonstrated outstanding reproducibility even when embroidered on a mechanically flexible felt substrate.