THz Generation in Laser-Induced Breakdown in Carbon Dioxide at Different Levels of Gas Pressure

This article studies the generation of terahertz (THz) radiation in carbon dioxide (CO₂) at different levels of gas pressure. It was demonstrated that under low gas pressure, optical-terahertz conversion can be adequately described by a simplified photocurrent model. However, with the increase of gas pressure, the contribution of intra-atomic nonlinearities as a source of terahertz response irradiated by a two-color laser field is growing. Moreover, at high levels of gas pressure, the interference and dispersive effects should be taken into consideration as well. The proposed model allows for the optimization of experimental conditions aimed at flexible control of intensity and spectral properties of THz radiation.