Control of wind power smoothing with battery energy storage system and thermostatically controlled loads

Due to inherent variability and intermittency of renewable energy, high penetration of renewable energy in the current electricity market could be difficult to achieve. Use of energy storage units and controllable loads are some of the feasible solutions to regulate renewable energy. The basic idea is to store/consume part of the generated renewable energy so that the actual power dispatched to the utility grid can meet the ramp rate requirements. In this paper, we propose a wind power smoothing strategy with the coordination of a battery energy storage system (BESS) and thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs). We considered a group of cooling TCLs, and the unsmoothed wind power will be regulated by them to minimize its fluctuation first, followed using a dynamic programming-based algorithm to determine a set of BESS actions that adjust the actual power delivered to the grid and reduce the operational cost of BESS. The rolling horizon approach is utilized with predicted wind power and ambient temperature data updated at each control step. The strategy is tested with practical data.