Electrical impedance Sensor for Real-Time Detection of Urea and Starch in Milk

This paper represents the milk adulteration technique using electrical impedance measurements. Technical this parameter allows characterization of raw milk tests, adulterated with various adulterants such as drinking water, urea, and starch. The sample was electrically analyzed by using an equivalent series circuit for its electrical modeling. In the above-mentioned cases, measures allowed quantitative classification of milk, this allows the development of real-time monitoring system for identification of other adulterants in milk content. It is observed that as the concentration of milk adulteration increases, voltage value decreases the conductivity and pH value reduces. A classification of the outcomes from this paper is proposed through phase detection circuitry.